Gyara Mummunan Raunin Hamstring

Lokacin komawa zuwa takamaiman wasanni na mutum, haɗarin sake rauni gabaɗaya ya fi girma a cikin makonni 2 na farko. Wannan yana faruwa ne saboda raunin hamstring na farko, gajiya, rashin sassauci, da rashin daidaituwar ƙarfi tsakanin hamstrings eccentric da concentric quadriceps. Babban abin da ya fi ba da gudummawa ko da yake an yi imanin yana da alaƙa da rashin isassun shirin gyarawa, wanda zai iya dacewa da dawowar aikin jiki da wuri. Sabbin shaidun sun nuna fa'idodin yin amfani da darussan ƙarfafa ƙarfi da ƙarfi a cikin gyare-gyaren hamstring da aka yi tare da ƙarin lodi don tsayin musculotendinous.
Semitendinosus, ko ST, semimembranosus, ko SM, da biceps femoris dogo da gajerun shugabannin (BFLH da BFSH) suna cikin ƙungiyar tsokar hamstring. Suna aiki da farko tare da tsawo na hip da ƙwanƙwasa gwiwa tare da samar da kwanciyar hankali da yawa na tibia da ƙashin ƙugu. Wadannan tsokoki guda uku waɗanda suka haɗa da ƙungiyar tsoka na hamstring, ketare gefen baya na duka hip da gwiwa, suna sanya su bi-articular. Sakamakon haka, suna ba da amsa akai-akai ga manyan rundunonin injina waɗanda aka kirkira ta hanyar ɓangarorin babba, gangar jikin, da ƙananan gaɓoɓin ƙafafu a matsayin hanyar tattara hankali da haɗakarwa. A lokacin ayyukan wasanni, waɗannan dakarun za su yi girma, suna ƙara yawan rauni.

A cikin wani binciken da aka gudanar a Jami'ar Melbourne, masu nazarin halittu sun auna nau'in musculotendinous, saurin gudu, ƙarfi, ƙarfi, aiki, da sauran nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan halittun da hamstrings suka fuskanta a duk tsawon lokacin tseren ƙasa kuma sun kwatanta nauyin biomechanical a kowane hamstring. tsoka.

Ainihin, ƙwanƙarar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafa tana fuskantar jujjuyawar gajeriyar zagayowar lokacin sprinting, tare da tsawaita lokaci yana faruwa a lokacin murɗawar tasha da gajeriyar lokacin farawa kafin kowane bugun ƙafar ƙafa, yana ci gaba a ko'ina cikin matsayi. Sa'an nan, nauyin biomechanical a kan tsokoki na hamstring bi-articular an ƙaddara zai zama mai ƙarfi yayin lilo ta ƙarshe.

BFLH yana da mafi girman nau'in musculotendinous, ST ya nuna tsayin tsayin musculotendinous, kuma SM ya samar da mafi girman ƙarfin musculotendinous kuma duka biyun sun sha kuma sun haifar da mafi girman ƙarfin musculotendinous. Irin wannan bincike kuma ya bambanta kololuwar ƙwayar tsoka a matsayin babban mai ba da gudummawa ga lalacewa ko rauni na tsoka, mafi yawan raunin hamstring, maimakon ƙarfin tsoka. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ƙarfafawar eccentric sau da yawa shine shawarar gyarawa don mummunan raunin hamstring.

Wuri da Muguwar Rauni

A cikin binciken da aka bazu da kuma sarrafawa akan ƙwararrun 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Sweden, 69 bisa dari na raunin da ya faru sun kasance a cikin BFLH. Sabanin haka, kashi 21 na 'yan wasan sun sami raunin farko a cikin SM. Duk da yake mafi yawan na kowa, kimanin kashi 80 cikin dari, sun sami rauni na biyu zuwa ST da BFLH ko SM, an gano kashi 94 cikin dari na raunin farko na nau'in sprinting kuma suna cikin BFLH, yayin da SM ya kasance. wurin da ya fi dacewa don nau'in rauni na mikewa, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 76. An goyi bayan waɗannan binciken a wani labarin makamancin haka.

Rarraba raunin nama mai laushi, gami da mummunan raunin hamstring, ya dogara da yawa akan tsarin ƙididdigewa daga: I, m; II, matsakaici; da III, mai tsanani. Daban-daban daban-daban suna ba da cikakkun bayanai masu amfani ga kowane nau'in rauni mai laushi tsakanin masu sana'a na kiwon lafiya a lokacin ganewar asali na asibiti da kuma tsinkaya bayan mummunan rauni. Ƙididdiga mai laushi yana kwatanta rauni inda ƙananan ƙwayoyin tsoka ke da hannu tare da ƙaramar kumburi, rashin jin daɗi, ƙarancin ƙarfi ko rashin ƙarfi, ko ƙuntata motsi. Matsakaicin ma'auni yana kwatanta rauni tare da gagarumin hawaye na zaruruwan tsoka da yawa, zafi da kumburi, rage ƙarfi, da iyakataccen motsi. Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga mai tsanani yana kwatanta rauni inda hawaye ya faru a fadin gaba ɗaya ɓangaren tsoka, yawanci avulsion, kuma ana iya buƙatar ra'ayi na tiyata. Hakanan an yi amfani da shi azaman tsarin rarrabuwa don hanyoyin rediyo, kamar hoton maganadisu, ko MRI, ko duban dan tayi idan an buƙata don ƙarin tabbacin ganewar asali.

Kungiyar Likitoci ta Burtaniya ta ba da shawarar sabon tsarin rabe-raben rauni don ingantattun daidaiton bincike da tsinkaya dangane da sifofin MRI.

Ƙayyade madaidaitan lokutan dawowa-zuwa-wasa-wasa biyo bayan manyan raunukan hamstring da yawa an tabbatar da zama mai wahala. Misali, raunin da ya shafi tsokar intramuscular ko aponeurosis tare da filayen tsoka na gaba gabaɗaya suna buƙatar ɗan gajeren lokacin dawowa fiye da waɗanda ke da alaƙar ƙwanƙwasa kyauta da/ko MTJ.

Hakanan an sami alaƙa tsakanin binciken MRI bisa ga yankin rauni da komawa-wasa. Musamman ma, an yi la'akari da cewa mafi guntu nisa tsakanin sandar kusanci na rauni da kuma tuberosity na ischial da aka samu akan kimantawar MRI kamar yadda aka ƙaddara ta kasancewar edema, tsawon lokacin dawowa zai kasance. Hakazalika, tsayin edema yana nuna irin wannan tasiri akan lokacin dawowa. Tsawon tsayin daka, mafi tsayin farfadowa. Bugu da ƙari, matsayi na zafi kololuwa a lokaci guda bayan mummunan rauni na hamstring shima yana da alaƙa da ƙarin lokutan dawowa.

Bugu da ƙari kuma, an yi ƙoƙarin bayyana alaƙa tsakanin ƙimar raunin raunin hamstring da komawa-wasa. A cikin binciken da ake shirin yi kan ƙwararrun ƴan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa guda 207 waɗanda ke fama da matsanancin rauni na hamstring, kashi 57 cikin ɗari an gano su a matsayin aji I, kashi 27 cikin ɗari an gano su a matsayin sa na II, kuma kashi 3 ne kawai aka gano a matsayin sa na III. 'Yan wasan da ke da raunin maki I sun dawo wasa a cikin matsakaita na kwanaki 17. 'Yan wasan da ke da raunin digiri na II sun dawo a cikin kwanaki 22 kuma waɗanda ke da raunin digiri na III sun dawo kamar cikin kwanaki 73. Bisa ga binciken, 84 bisa dari na wadannan raunin da ya faru sun shafi BF, 11 bisa dari SM, da 5 bisa dari ST. Duk da haka, babu wani bambanci mai mahimmanci a lokacin kashewa don raunin da ya faru ga tsokoki uku daban-daban. An kwatanta wannan zuwa kwanakin 5-23 tare da raunin I-II na digiri, da kuma kwanakin 28-51 don digiri na I-III a wasu nazarin bi da bi.

Gyara don Raunukan Hamstring Masu Mutuwa

Masu bincike daban-daban a baya sun yi jayayya game da fa'idodin ƙarfafa eccentric biyo bayan raunin raunin hamstring game da ƙarfafa hankali lokacin mai da hankali don rage lokutan dawowa-wasa. Ƙarshen wannan gardama shine cewa tare da mafi yawan raunin raunin hamstring da ke faruwa a lokacin ɗorawa na eccentric, gyaran gyare-gyare ya kamata ya kasance daidai da takamaiman yanayin da ya haifar da rauni a farkon wuri. Ɗaya daga cikin binciken ya nuna bambanci mai mahimmanci tsakanin shirin gyaran gyare-gyare na eccentric da maida hankali bayan mummunan raunin da ya faru a cikin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru.

Gwajin gwajin da aka bazu da sarrafawa da aka gudanar a kan 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na 75 a Sweden, ya nuna cewa yin amfani da shirye-shiryen ƙarfafa eccentric maimakon shirye-shiryen ƙarfafa hankali, rage lokacin dawowa-wasa ta kwanaki 23, ba tare da la'akari da nau'in rauni ko wurin rauni ba. . Sakamakon ya nuna adadin kwanakin da za a dawo cikakken horo na ƙungiyar da kuma samuwa don zaɓar wasan.

Bugu da ƙari kuma, an yi amfani da ka'idojin gyarawa guda biyu kwanaki biyar bayan rauni. Duk 'yan wasan sun sami rauni irin na sprinting sakamakon babban gudun gudu ko rauni irin na mikewa sakamakon babban harbi, tsagawar matsayi, da gyale. An cire wasu sharuɗɗa don binciken, ciki har da raunin raunin da ya faru a baya, rauni ga cinya na baya, tarihin ci gaba na ƙananan matsalolin baya, da ciki.

Dukkanin 'yan wasan sun kasance suna yin nazarin MRI na kwanaki 5 bayan raunin da ya faru, don nuna rashin ƙarfi da yanki na rauni. An yi la'akari da ɗan wasa ya isa ya dawo horon ƙungiyar ta amfani da gwajin da aka sani da Askling H-test mai aiki. Gwajin tabbatacce shine lokacin da mai kunnawa ya fuskanci rashin tsaro ko fargaba yayin yin gwajin. Ya kamata a kammala gwajin ba tare da cikakken ƙwanƙwasa idon sawu ba.

Kusan kashi 72 cikin 28 na 'yan wasan sun sami raunin nau'in sprinting, yayin da kashi 69 cikin 21 suka sami raunuka irin na mikewa. Daga cikin waɗannan, kashi 48 cikin ɗari sun sami rauni ga BFLH, yayin da kashi 44 cikin ɗari suna cikin SM. Raunin da aka samu ga ST ya kasance kawai a matsayin raunin da ya faru na biyu, kimanin kashi 94 tare da BFLH da 76 bisa dari tare da SM. Bugu da ƙari, kashi XNUMX cikin XNUMX na raunin raunin da ya faru a cikin BFLH yayin da SM shine wurin da ya fi dacewa don raunin raunin da ya faru, wanda ya kai kimanin kashi XNUMX na raunin da ya faru.

Ka'idojin gyarawa guda biyu da aka yi amfani da su an yi musu lakabi da L-protocol da C-protocol. Ƙa'idar L-ƙira ta mayar da hankali kan ɗora ƙwanƙwasa a lokacin tsawo kuma tsarin C-protocol ya ƙunshi motsa jiki ba tare da mahimmanci ga tsawo ba. Kowace yarjejeniya ta yi amfani da motsa jiki guda uku waɗanda za a iya yi a ko'ina kuma ba su dogara da kayan aiki na gaba ba. Har ila yau, sun yi niyya don ƙaddamar da sassauƙa, motsi, gangar jikin, da kwanciyar hankali da pelvic da / ko tsoka da kuma takamaiman ƙarfin horo ga hamstrings. Dukkanin an yi su a cikin jirgin sama na sagittal tare da sauri da ci gaba da kaya.

Kammala Karatu

An ƙaddara lokacin dawowa don zama ɗan guntu sosai a cikin ƙa'idar L idan aka kwatanta da ka'idar C, matsakaicin kwanaki 28 da kwanaki 51 daidai. Lokacin dawowa kuma ya fi guntu a cikin yarjejeniya ta L fiye da a cikin ka'idar C don raunin raunin hamstring na nau'in sprinting da nau'in mikewa da kuma raunin raunin raunin daban-daban. Koyaya, har yanzu akwai sauran tambaya kan ko ƙa'idar C ta keɓantacce don kunna hamstring don ƙirƙirar kwatancen halal.

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